Endocrinology is a branch of medicine that deals with hormones and the endocrine glands that produce them. These include, amongst others, the thyroid, the pituitary gland, the adrenal glands, the pancreas, the ovaries and the testicles. Hormones play a key role in the body – they influence growth, puberty, metabolism, fertility and general well-being.
Abnormal hormone secretion or function can lead to problems with fertility, mood, weight or metabolism.
These relate to metabolic abnormalities, which include disorders of glucose, fat or protein metabolism. They can lead to diabetes, obesity and lipid disorders.
A malfunctioning immune system most commonly results in allergies, autoimmune diseases and a weakened immune system.
Disorders of the thyroid, pituitary gland, adrenal glands or pancreas affect growth, metabolism and fertility.
This is a symptom of hormonal disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders, which require a thorough diagnosis.
It is caused by hormonal imbalances, illnesses or the use of medication.
An enlarged thyroid is caused by iodine deficiency or autoimmune diseases. It can cause pressure and breathing difficulties.
Growth retardation is caused by a growth hormone deficiency, genetic disorders or metabolic disorders.
Reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin leads to an increase in blood glucose levels and raises the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Ultrasound scan of the endocrine organs (thyroid, adrenal glands)
Ultrasound scan of the reproductive system (testicles, ovaries)
Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) – with or without ultrasound
A visit to an endocrinologist begins with a detailed medical history, during which the doctor asks about your symptoms, medical history, previous test results and lifestyle. Based on your symptoms, the doctor may then carry out a physical examination and order further tests, such as hormone level analyses, a thyroid ultrasound or other diagnostic tests. Once a diagnosis has been made, the endocrinologist will discuss the possible treatment options and recommend the appropriate course of treatment.
The first appointment with an endocrinologist usually lasts around 20 minutes. The doctor carries out a detailed medical history and, if necessary, orders initial diagnostic tests. Follow-up appointments are shorter, usually lasting 10–20 minutes, and focus on discussing test results and progress with treatment.
It is worth seeing an endocrinologist if you notice symptoms suggesting hormonal problems, such as changes in weight, metabolic issues, mood swings, sleep disturbances, excessive sweating, fertility problems, irregular menstrual cycles or thyroid problems (e.g. palpable lumps, swelling).
Endocrinological treatment is not usually painful. Depending on the recommended method, it may involve taking hormonal medication, making changes to diet or lifestyle, and, in some cases, surgical procedures, such as the removal of thyroid nodules. Most hormone therapies are painless, and the doctor will always inform the patient about the course of treatment and any possible side effects.
Yes. An endocrinologist treats both men and women. They specialise in hormonal health regardless of gender, with a particular focus on fertility problems, thyroid disorders, metabolic issues and abnormalities in hormone production.
In most cases, the aim of treatment is to balance hormone levels and thereby improve fertility. PCOS and hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in women can impair fertility, but appropriately tailored treatment often restores normal ovulation and regular cycles.
Yes. Regular endocrinological check-ups are particularly important for people with diagnosed hormonal disorders or an increased risk of developing them. Systematic assessment of thyroid function, measurement of selected hormones and monitoring of metabolic parameters (including blood glucose levels and lipid profile) enable the early detection of abnormalities and the implementation of effective treatment. The frequency of these tests should be determined on a case-by-case basis by a doctor.
