Immunology is a branch of medicine that deals with the functioning of the immune system, as well as the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disorders affecting its function. It covers both conditions characterised by a weakened immune system and those characterised by excessive immune activity, leading to allergies or autoimmune diseases.
These include, for example, impetigo, boils, recurrent herpes and fungal infections of the skin and nails, which recur frequently due to a weakened immune system or incomplete treatment.
Conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, such as Hashimoto’s disease or multiple sclerosis.
Conditions in which the body triggers inflammation on its own, without the involvement of bacteria, viruses or allergens.
Skin irritations where the cause cannot be clearly identified. These include, for example, chronic urticaria or recurrent rashes.
Severe allergic reactions, which may lead to extensive skin lesions, oedema or other generalised symptoms.
Conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, which cause the immune system to malfunction, thereby increasing the body’s susceptibility to infections.
Autoantibody tests
Genetic testing
Eligibility for vaccination
Immunoglobulin testing (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE)
Cultures and microbiological tests
Allergy tests
Ultrasound scan of the thyroid, lymph nodes or spleen
A visit to an immunologist begins with a detailed medical history, during which the doctor asks about the frequency of infections, allergic reactions, a family history of autoimmune diseases, and any medicines currently being taken. The doctor then analyses previous test results and, if necessary, orders further tests, such as blood tests to assess immune function, allergy tests or imaging scans. This enables them to accurately assess how well the immune system is functioning.
The first appointment usually lasts around 20–30 minutes, as it involves taking a detailed medical history, discussing past medical conditions and planning diagnostic tests. Follow-up appointments are usually shorter and last 15–20 minutes. They are used to assess the effectiveness of treatment or to interpret test results.
It is advisable to consult an immunologist in the event of frequent or recurrent infections, abnormal immune test results, long-term inflammation, suspected autoimmune diseases, unusual allergic reactions, or if there is no improvement despite treatment by other specialists.
Immunological treatment is generally painless. It may involve taking medicines to boost the immune system, immunotherapy (e.g. desensitisation) or the administration of immunoglobulins, all of which are carried out on an outpatient basis. Some procedures require an intravenous or subcutaneous injection, which may cause slight discomfort.
Before your appointment, it is a good idea to gather all your previous laboratory, imaging and immunological test results, and to prepare a list of the medicines you are taking and any underlying conditions. It is also a good idea to note down the frequency of infections, their course and any allergic reactions. This will enable the doctor to assess the situation more quickly and accurately and make a diagnosis.
Some immune disorders can be completely cured, particularly if they are diagnosed early. In the case of chronic conditions, such as autoimmune diseases or primary immunodeficiencies, treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent infections and improve quality of life.
Regular check-ups are particularly recommended for people with chronic autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, severe allergies or recurrent infections. Ongoing care from an immunologist enables the effects of treatment to be assessed on an ongoing basis and allows for a prompt response to any changes in health.
